From 70d4145745facd09297681df171d9d7df9a78220 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: spiralman Date: Sun, 28 Jul 2002 04:34:22 +0000 Subject: Added rest of written manual. Still lots of minor things to fix, but its all in there at least. Also, removed the document declaration to work on all systems. --- (limited to 'docs') diff --git a/docs/usermanual/usermanual.sgm b/docs/usermanual/usermanual.sgm index 1fe8c52..44cf7de 100644 --- a/docs/usermanual/usermanual.sgm +++ b/docs/usermanual/usermanual.sgm @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ - + Opie User Manual Getting Started What is Opie? @@ -690,4 +690,219 @@ links to other files or directories) will be visible. + +Embedded Konsole + +EmbeddedKonsole is Opie's terminal emulator. From here you can do pretty much +anything (since Linux is actually a command line based OS by itself). I will +not go into much detail on using the linux command line, as that is covered in +many other places (http://www.tldp.org is a good place to start, or read +O'Reilly's \underline{Running Linux} for a comprehensive look at Linux for the +beginner). I will, however, give a quick overview of using a Linux shell. + + +
Using Embedded Konsole + +Along the top of the window is a row of menus and icons. The ``Font'' menu lets +you select the font size that you want the console to use, while the Options +menu lets you select various options. Below this row of menus and icons is a +pulldown list with various common commands in it. + + +
Options Menu + +The first submenu in the options menu is the ``Command List'' menu, which lets +you edit or hide the command list pulldown. The ``Tabs on top'' or ``Tabs on +bottom'' (depending on which is currently enabled) allows you to select where +the tabs representing multiple terminal sessions are drawn. The ``Colors'' +submenu lets you select from a color scheme, or make your own, and the ``Scroll +Bar'' submenu lets you select where or if the scroll bar is drawn. + +
+
Icons + +The row of icons to the right of the menus allows you to type common keystrokes +without having an input method visible, as well as some other things. + + +The icon all the way on the left will open a new terminal session in a new tab, +while the icon all the way on the right will paste text from the clipboard into +the terminal. + + +The other icons are the same as typing (from left to right) enter, space, tab +(for tab completion), up, and down (for the command history). + +
+
Command List + +The command list is a pulldown menu with a list of commonly used commands. +Selecting one will type the command into the terminal wherever the cursor is. +You can edit or hide this menu from Options +Command List. + +
+
+ +
What is a Shell + +A shell is a program that accepts input from a user, and runs commands. Each +``command'' in the shell is actually a separate program (unless you are using a +shell like BusyBox, which makes some of the more common commands part of its own +program in order to save space). Shells can actually be very powerful, and many +of them allow you to write something called ``shell scripts'' which are just a +sequence of commands, sometimes with some flow control statements, saved to a +file and run each time the script is run. For the most part, the average user +does not need to know about any of this, though. If you are running Opie on the +Familiar distribution, it is advisable to install the bash shell (ipkg install +bash) because it offers things like tab completion, use of the backspace key, +and a command history, as well as offering a more advanced scripting languauge +than most other shells. + +
+ +
Running Programs + +To run a program or a command (remember, a command is just another program), you +simply type the name of the program and hit ``Return'' (in Linux, program names +do not have a special suffix like they do in windows, in fact the ``.'' +character has no special meaning unless it is at the begining of a filename, in +which case it makes the file ``hidden''). When you type a program name and hit +``Return'' the shell looks in a special list of directories called your +``path'', and if it cannot find it in any of those directories, it stops looking +and tells you it could not find them. If you want to run a program that is not +in your path, you must specify an absolute or relative path to that program. +For instance, to run a program that is in the directory you are currently in, +you would type ./program (``./'' is a special directory that +is explained below), or to run a program in /home/username/ you would call +/home/username/program. + + +Most programs take ``arguments'' when run from the command line. An argument is +a string that contains no spaces that changes how the program behaves (a text +editor, for instance, might take a single argument, which would be the name of +the file you wish to edit). Usually, you can use the arguments ``-h'' or +``--help'' to get a list of the common arguments that that program takes, along +with a short usage description, and a short description of what each argument +does. + +
+ +
Basic Navigation + +The command that you will use most often in the shell is probably the ``cd'' +command, which stands for ``change directory.'' With this command, you can move +around in the file system, by issuing the command like this: cd +[new directory], where [new +directory] is the directory you want to move to. +This directory name does not have to include the entire directory structure, but +can be ``relative'' which means it assumes you are talking about directories +relative to the directory you are in. For example, if you are in a directory +called /home/username and you want to move to the directory +/home/username/other/dir you could simply type cd +other/dir and you would end up in /home/username/other/dir. You can +also specify a full, or "absolute" path, by specifying the entire path name +starting with / ( / is a special directory called the "root" directory, and does +not have a "parent" directory, which means that it is not in any other +directory). There are also two special directories called ``./'' and ``../''. +The ``./'' directory is the current directory you are in, and you will probably +never use this in conjunction with the cd command (why would you want to move to +the directory you are already in?). The ``../'' directory represents the parent +directory of the directory you are currently in, so if you are in +/home/username, ../ is the same as /home. You can string several ../'s +together, so if you are in /home/username/dir/ ../../ represents /home. There +is one other special directory, called "~/" that points to your home +directory (usually /home/username or /root for the root user). + +
+ +
Moving Files + +To move files around, you need to use the ``cp'' (copy) and ``mv'' (move) +commands. Both of these are run the same way: \verb+command originalfile +newfile+. The only difference is that cp creates a new file without touching +the old one, while mv deletes the original file. The two path names can be +either absolute or relative. If you only specify a directory for the +destination, and no filename, it will use the filename for the original file. + +
+ +
Deleting Files + +To delete a file, run the ``rm'' command, and to delete a directory, run the +``rmdir'' command, each of them take the file to be removed as their only +argument. The rmdir command requires the directory to be empty, so if you want +to delete a directory that is not empty, along with all its contents, run +rm -r dir. + +
+ +
Linking Files + +In Linux, you can have a special file called a ``symbolic link'' that acts just +like a copy of another file, except it takes up less space. This is convinient +if two applications are looking for the same file in two separate places, +because the file can be in both places at once, without taking up any extra +space, and any change to one is automatically applied to the other (really, +there is only one file, the link is just a file pointing to the original file). +This is also useful for naming applications independant of their version number. + For instance, you could have a link called ``application'' that points to +``application1.0''. To create a link, use the following command: +ln -s originalfile link. + +
+ + + +Settings +Software + + +The ``Software'' application, also called oipkg, is what is used to install and +remove software. It is actually a frontend to the command line program ``ipkg'' +so most things you can do with oipkg you can also do with ipkg. Oipkg can +install things either remotely from a web server (called a ``feed'') or it can +install an ipkg package file that resides on the local filesystem. + + + +Note: There is a bug in oipkg that prevents it from installing packages +properly. There is, however, a workaround for it. Simply run oipkg from +Embedded Konsole to avoid the bug. + + + +
Installing Software + +To install software, first select ``Opie'' from the ``Section'' pulldown menu, +the press the ``+'' icon next to ``Feeds'' in the main view. This will show all +the available Opie packages (you can change which packages to view by selecting +something else from the ``Section'' pulldown). Installed packages are marked +with a blue circle, while packages that are not installed are marked with a red +box. If you click on the icon for an uninstalled package, it will turn into an +open box, with a blue circle coming out of it, indicating that you have marked +this package to be installed. Mark as many packages as you wish this way, and +then press the ``Apply'' icon (same red box and blue dot icon) to install all +the marked packages. It will also remove any packages marked for removal (see +below). Clicking this will open a window showing all the packages marked to be +removed and installed, with some check boxes on the bottom, which represent +arguments to be sent to ipkg, which you can usually ignore. After verifying +that all the packages to be installed are correct, press ``Ok'' in the upper +right corner (or press ``x'' to cancel and go back to the package selection +window). The packages should then install, and you should see their icons +appear in the Launcher, if they are Opie applications. + +
+ +
Removing Software + +Removing software is the same as installing software, except you will press the +blue circle icon of an installed package, and it will have a red ``X'' over it. +Then press the apply icon, and ``Ok''. You can install and remove packages at +the same time by marking the ones you want to install and the ones you want to +remove, and then pressing apply. + +
+ + \ No newline at end of file -- cgit v0.9.0.2