start documenting the packet class family - explain why deriving from QObject is clever

1 files changed, 50 insertions, 17 deletions

diff --git a/libopie2/opienet/opcap.h b/libopie2/opienet/opcap.h
index 6bf7416..fe88e68 100644
--- a/libopie2/opienet/opcap.h
+++ b/libopie2/opienet/opcap.h
@@ -1,517 +1,550 @@
 /*
                              This file is part of the Opie Project
                              Copyright (C) 2003 by the Wellenreiter team:
                              Martin J. Muench <mjm@remote-exploit.org>
                              Max Moser <mmo@remote-exploit.org
                              Michael 'Mickey' Lauer <mickey@tm.informatik.uni-frankfurt.de>
               =.
             .=l.
            .>+-=
  _;:,     .>    :=|.         This program is free software; you can
 .> <`_,   >  .   <=          redistribute it and/or  modify it under
 :`=1 )Y*s>-.--   :           the terms of the GNU Library General Public
 .="- .-=="i,     .._         License as published by the Free Software
  - .   .-<_>     .<>         Foundation; either version 2 of the License,
      ._= =}       :          or (at your option) any later version.
     .%`+i>       _;_.
     .i_,=:_.      -<s.       This program is distributed in the hope that
      +  .  -:.       =       it will be useful,  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
     : ..    .:,     . . .    without even the implied warranty of
     =_        +     =;=|`    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
   _.=:.       :    :=>`:     PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
 ..}^=.=       =       ;      Library General Public License for more
 ++=   -.     .`     .:       details.
  :     =  ...= . :.=-
  -.   .:....=;==+<;          You should have received a copy of the GNU
   -_. . .   )=.  =           Library General Public License along with
     --        :-=`           this library; see the file COPYING.LIB.
                              If not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
                              Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
                              Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
 
 */
 
 #ifndef OPCAP_H
 #define OPCAP_H
 
 /* LINUX */
 extern "C"  // work around a bpf/pcap conflict in recent headers
 {
     #include <pcap.h>
 }
 #include <netinet/ether.h>
 #include <netinet/ip.h>
 #include <netinet/udp.h>
 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
 #include <time.h>
 
 /* QT */
 #include <qevent.h>
 #include <qfile.h>
 #include <qhostaddress.h>
 #include <qobject.h>
 #include <qstring.h>
 #include <qmap.h>
 
 /* OPIE */
 #include <opie2/onetutils.h>
 #include "802_11_user.h"
 
 /* TYPEDEFS */
 typedef struct timeval timevalstruct;
 typedef struct pcap_pkthdr packetheaderstruct;
 
 /* FORWARDS */
 class OPacketCapturer;
 class QSocketNotifier;
 
 /*======================================================================================
  * OPacket - A frame on the wire
  *======================================================================================*/
-// FIXME how many OPackets do we've at a time? QObject seams to be a big for that usage
+
+/** @brief A class representing a data frame on the wire.
+ *
+ * The whole family of the packet classes are used when capturing frames from a network.
+ * Most standard network protocols in use share a common architecture, which mostly is
+ * a packet header and then the packet payload. In layered architectures, each lower layer
+ * encapsulates data from its upper layer - that is it
+ * treats the data from its upper layer as payload and prepends an own header to the packet,
+ * which - again - is treated as the payload for the layer below. The figure below is an
+ * example for how such a data frame is composed out of packets, e.g. when sending a mail.
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ *                                                       | User Data |     == Mail Data
+ *                                         | SMTP Header | User Data |     == SMTP
+ *                           | TCP Header  | SMTP Header | User Data |     == TCP
+ *               | IP Header | TCP Header  | SMTP Header | User Data |     == IP
+ *  | MAC Header | IP Header | TCP Header  | SMTP Header | User Data |     == MAC
+ *
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * The example is trimmed for simplicity, because the MAC (Medium Access Control) layer
+ * also contains a few more levels of encapsulation.
+ * Since the type of the payload is more or less independent from the encapsulating protocol,
+ * the header must be inspected before attempting to decode the payload. Hence, the
+ * encapsulation level varies and can't be deduced without actually looking into the packets.
+ *
+ * For actually working with captured frames, it's useful to identify the packets via names and
+ * insert them into a parent/child - relationship based on the encapsulation. This is why
+ * all packet classes derive from QObject. The amount of overhead caused by the QObject is
+ * not a problem in this case, because we're talking about a theoratical maximum of about
+ * 10 packets per captured frame. We need to stuff them into a searchable list anyway and the
+ * QObject also cares about destroying the sub-, (child-) packets.
+ *
+ * This enables us to perform a simple look for packets of a certain type:
+ * @code
+ * OPacketCapturer* pcap = new OPacketCapturer();
+ * pcap->open( "eth0" );
+ * OPacket* p = pcap->next();
+ * OIPPacket* ip = (OIPPacket*) p->child( "IP" ); // returns 0, if no such child exists
+ * odebug << "got ip packet from " << ip->fromIPAddress().toString() << " to " << ip->toIPAddress().toString() << oendl;
+ *
+ */
+
 class OPacket : public QObject
 {
   Q_OBJECT
 
   public:
     OPacket( int datalink, packetheaderstruct, const unsigned char*, QObject* parent );
     virtual ~OPacket();
 
     timevalstruct timeval() const;
 
     int caplen() const;
     int len() const;
     QString dump( int = 32 ) const;
 
     void updateStats( QMap<QString,int>&, QObjectList* );
 
   private:
     const packetheaderstruct _hdr;  // pcap packet header
     const unsigned char* _data;     // pcap packet data
     const unsigned char* _end;      // end of pcap packet data
 };
 
 /*======================================================================================
  * OEthernetPacket - DLT_EN10MB frame
  *======================================================================================*/
 
-//FIXME same critic as above -zecke
 class OEthernetPacket : public QObject
 {
   Q_OBJECT
 
   public:
     OEthernetPacket( const unsigned char*, const struct ether_header*, QObject* parent = 0 );
     virtual ~OEthernetPacket();
 
     OMacAddress sourceAddress() const;
     OMacAddress destinationAddress() const;
     int type() const;
 
   private:
     const struct ether_header* _ether;
 };
 
 
 /*======================================================================================
  * OWaveLanPacket - DLT_IEEE802_11 frame
  *======================================================================================*/
-//FIXME same
+
 class OWaveLanPacket : public QObject
 {
   Q_OBJECT
 
   public:
     OWaveLanPacket( const unsigned char*, const struct ieee_802_11_header*, QObject* parent = 0 );
     virtual ~OWaveLanPacket();
 
     int duration() const;
     bool fromDS() const;
     bool toDS() const;
     virtual OMacAddress macAddress1() const;
     virtual OMacAddress macAddress2() const;
     virtual OMacAddress macAddress3() const;
     virtual OMacAddress macAddress4() const;
     bool usesPowerManagement() const;
     int type() const;
     int subType() const;
     int version() const;
     bool usesWep() const;
 
   private:
     const struct ieee_802_11_header* _wlanhdr;
 };
 
 
 /*======================================================================================
  * OWaveLanManagementPacket - type: management (T_MGMT)
  *======================================================================================*/
-//FIXME same as above -zecke
+
 class OWaveLanManagementPacket : public QObject
 {
   Q_OBJECT
 
   public:
     OWaveLanManagementPacket( const unsigned char*, const struct ieee_802_11_mgmt_header*, OWaveLanPacket* parent = 0 );
     virtual ~OWaveLanManagementPacket();
 
     QString managementType() const;
 
     int beaconInterval() const;
     int capabilities() const; // generic
 
     bool canESS() const;
     bool canIBSS() const;
     bool canCFP() const;
     bool canCFP_REQ() const;
     bool canPrivacy() const;
 
   private:
     const struct ieee_802_11_mgmt_header* _header;
     const struct ieee_802_11_mgmt_body* _body;
 };
 
 
 /*======================================================================================
  * OWaveLanManagementSSID
  *======================================================================================*/
-//FIXME is QObject necessary? -zecke
+
 class OWaveLanManagementSSID : public QObject
 {
   Q_OBJECT
 
   public:
     OWaveLanManagementSSID( const unsigned char*, const struct ssid_t*, QObject* parent = 0 );
     virtual ~OWaveLanManagementSSID();
 
     QString ID() const;
 
   private:
     const struct ssid_t* _data;
 };
 
 /*======================================================================================
  * OWaveLanManagementRates
  *======================================================================================*/
-// FIXME same as above -zecke
+
 class OWaveLanManagementRates : public QObject
 {
   Q_OBJECT
 
   public:
     OWaveLanManagementRates( const unsigned char*, const struct rates_t*, QObject* parent = 0 );
     virtual ~OWaveLanManagementRates();
 
   private:
     const struct rates_t* _data;
 };
 
 /*======================================================================================
  * OWaveLanManagementCF
  *======================================================================================*/
 
-//FIXME same....
 class OWaveLanManagementCF : public QObject
 {
   Q_OBJECT
 
   public:
     OWaveLanManagementCF( const unsigned char*, const struct cf_t*, QObject* parent = 0 );
     virtual ~OWaveLanManagementCF();
 
   private:
     const struct cf_t* _data;
 };
 
 /*======================================================================================
  * OWaveLanManagementFH
  *======================================================================================*/
 
-//FIXME same
 class OWaveLanManagementFH : public QObject
 {
   Q_OBJECT
 
   public:
     OWaveLanManagementFH( const unsigned char*, const struct fh_t*, QObject* parent = 0 );
     virtual ~OWaveLanManagementFH();
 
   private:
     const struct fh_t* _data;
 };
 
 /*======================================================================================
  * OWaveLanManagementDS
  *======================================================================================*/
-//FIXME same
+
 class OWaveLanManagementDS : public QObject
 {
   Q_OBJECT
 
   public:
     OWaveLanManagementDS( const unsigned char*, const struct ds_t*, QObject* parent = 0 );
     virtual ~OWaveLanManagementDS();
 
     int channel() const;
 
   private:
     const struct ds_t* _data;
 };
 
 /*======================================================================================
  * OWaveLanManagementTim
  *======================================================================================*/
 
-//FIXME guess what?
 class OWaveLanManagementTim : public QObject
 {
   Q_OBJECT
 
   public:
     OWaveLanManagementTim( const unsigned char*, const struct tim_t*, QObject* parent = 0 );
     virtual ~OWaveLanManagementTim();
 
   private:
     const struct tim_t* _data;
 };
 
 /*======================================================================================
  * OWaveLanManagementIBSS
  *======================================================================================*/
 
-//FIXME same as above ( Qobject )
 class OWaveLanManagementIBSS : public QObject
 {
   Q_OBJECT
 
   public:
     OWaveLanManagementIBSS( const unsigned char*, const struct ibss_t*, QObject* parent = 0 );
     virtual ~OWaveLanManagementIBSS();
 
   private:
     const struct ibss_t* _data;
 };
 
 /*======================================================================================
  * OWaveLanManagementChallenge
  *======================================================================================*/
 
 // Qobject do we need that??
 class OWaveLanManagementChallenge : public QObject
 {
   Q_OBJECT
 
   public:
     OWaveLanManagementChallenge( const unsigned char*, const struct challenge_t*, QObject* parent = 0 );
     virtual ~OWaveLanManagementChallenge();
 
   private:
     const struct challenge_t* _data;
 };
 
 /*======================================================================================
  * OWaveLanDataPacket - type: data (T_DATA)
  *======================================================================================*/
 // Qobject?
 class OWaveLanDataPacket : public QObject
 {
   Q_OBJECT
 
   public:
     OWaveLanDataPacket( const unsigned char*, const struct ieee_802_11_data_header*, OWaveLanPacket* parent = 0 );
     virtual ~OWaveLanDataPacket();
 
   private:
     const struct ieee_802_11_data_header* _header;
 };
 
 /*======================================================================================
  * OWaveLanControlPacket - type: control (T_CTRL)
  *======================================================================================*/
-// Qobject needed?
+
 class OWaveLanControlPacket : public QObject
 {
   Q_OBJECT
 
   public:
     OWaveLanControlPacket( const unsigned char*, const struct ieee_802_11_control_header*, OWaveLanPacket* parent = 0 );
     virtual ~OWaveLanControlPacket();
 
   private:
     const struct ieee_802_11_control_header* _header;
 };
 
 /*======================================================================================
  * OLLCPacket - IEEE 802.2 Link Level Control
  *======================================================================================*/
 
-// QObject needed?
 class OLLCPacket : public QObject
 {
   Q_OBJECT
 
   public:
     OLLCPacket( const unsigned char*, const struct ieee_802_11_802_2_header* data, QObject* parent = 0 );
     virtual ~OLLCPacket();
 
   private:
-  //FIXME how to get that header?
     const struct ieee_802_11_802_2_header* _header;
 };
 
 /*======================================================================================
  * OIPPacket
  *======================================================================================*/
 
-// Qobject as baseclass?
 class OIPPacket : public QObject
 {
   Q_OBJECT
 
   public:
     OIPPacket( const unsigned char*, const struct iphdr*, QObject* parent = 0 );
     virtual ~OIPPacket();
 
     QHostAddress fromIPAddress() const;
     QHostAddress toIPAddress() const;
 
     int tos() const;
     int len() const;
     int id() const;
     int offset() const;
     int ttl() const;
     int protocol() const;
     int checksum() const;
 
   private:
     const struct iphdr* _iphdr;
 };
 
 /*======================================================================================
  * OUDPPacket
  *======================================================================================*/
-// QObject?
+
 class OUDPPacket : public QObject
 {
   Q_OBJECT
 
   public:
     OUDPPacket( const unsigned char*, const struct udphdr*, QObject* parent = 0 );
     virtual ~OUDPPacket();
 
     int fromPort() const;
     int toPort() const;
 
   private:
     const struct udphdr* _udphdr;
 };
 
 /*======================================================================================
  * OTCPPacket
  *======================================================================================*/
 
-// Qobect needed?
 class OTCPPacket : public QObject
 {
   Q_OBJECT
 
   public:
     OTCPPacket( const unsigned char*, const struct tcphdr*, QObject* parent = 0 );
     virtual ~OTCPPacket();
 
     int fromPort() const;
     int toPort() const;
 
   private:
     const struct tcphdr* _tcphdr;
 };
 
 
 /*======================================================================================
  * OPacketCapturer
  *======================================================================================*/
 
 /**
  * @brief A class based wrapper for network packet capturing.
  *
  * This class is the base of a high-level interface to the well known packet capturing
  * library libpcap. ...
  */
 class OPacketCapturer : public QObject
 {
   Q_OBJECT
 
   public:
     /**
      * Constructor.
      */
     OPacketCapturer( QObject* parent = 0, const char* name = 0 );
     /**
      * Destructor.
      */
     ~OPacketCapturer();
     /**
      * Setting the packet capturer to use blocking IO calls can be useful when
      * not using the socket notifier, e.g. without an application object.
      */
     void setBlocking( bool );
     /**
      * @returns true if the packet capturer uses blocking IO calls.
      */
     bool blocking() const;
     /**
      * Closes the packet capturer. This is automatically done in the destructor.
      */
     void close();
     /**
      * @returns the data link type.
      * @see <pcap.h> for possible values.
      */
     int dataLink() const;
     /**
      * @returns the filedescriptor of the packet capturer. This is only useful, if
      * not using the socket notifier, e.g. without an application object.
      */
     int fileno() const;
     /**
      * @returns the next @ref OPacket from the packet capturer.
      * @note If blocking mode is true then this call might block.
      */
     OPacket* next();
     /**
      * Open the packet capturer to capture packets in live-mode from @a interface.
      * If a @a filename is given, all captured packets are output to a tcpdump-compatible capture file.
      */
     bool open( const QString& interface, const QString& filename = QString::null );
     /**
      * Open the packet capturer to capture packets in offline-mode from @a file.
      */
     bool open( const QFile& file );
     /**
      * @returns true if the packet capturer is open
      */
     bool isOpen() const;
 
     const QMap<QString,int>& statistics() const;
 
   signals:
     /**
      * This signal is emitted, when a packet has been received.
      */
     void receivedPacket( OPacket* );
 
   protected slots:
     void readyToReceive();
 
   protected:
     QString _name;                                  // devicename
     bool _open;                                     // check this before doing pcap calls
     pcap_t* _pch;                                   // pcap library handle
     pcap_dumper_t* _pcd;                            // pcap dumper handle
     QSocketNotifier* _sn;                           // socket notifier for main loop
     mutable char _errbuf[PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE];         // holds error strings from libpcap
     QMap<QString, int> _stats;                      // statistics;
 };
 
 #endif // OPCAP_H